Country Guide

Tanzania Facts

Geography People and Society Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues

Geography

Location:
Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique


Geographic coordinates:
6 00 S, 35 00 E


Map references:
Africa


Area:
total:947,300 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 31
land:885,800 sq km
water:61,500 sq km
note:includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar


Area - comparative:
slightly larger than twice the size of California


Land boundaries:
total:3,861 km
border countries:Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km


Coastline:
1,424 km


Maritime claims:
territorial sea:12 nm
exclusive economic zone:200 nm


Climate:
varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands


Terrain:
plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south


Elevation extremes:
lowest point:Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point:Kilimanjaro 5,895 m (highest point in Africa)


    Natural resources:
hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel


Land use:
arable land:12.25%
permanent crops:1.79%
other:85.96% (2011)


Irrigated land:
1,843 sq km (2003)


Total renewable water resources:
96.27 cu km (2011)


Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
96.27 cu km (2011)

Natural hazards:
flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought


Environment - current issues:
soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory


Environment - international agreements:
party to:Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:none of the selected agreements


Geography - note:
Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa and one of only two mountains on the continent that has glaciers (the other is Mount Kenya); bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest

People and Society

Nationality:
noun: Tanzanian(s)
adjective:Tanzanian


Ethnic groups:
mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African


Languages:
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages


Religions:
mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim


Population:
49,639,138country comparison to the world: 26
note:estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2014 est.)



Age structure:
0-14 years:44.6% (male 11,173,655/female 10,962,186)
15-24 years:19.5% (male 4,838,216/female 4,841,338)
25-54 years:29.5% (male 7,340,129/female 7,289,483)
55-64 years:3.5% (male 745,214/female 985,524)
65 years and over:2.9% (male 629,483/female 833,910) (2014 est.)


Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio:92.4 %
youth dependency ratio:86.1 %
elderly dependency ratio:6.2 %
potential support ratio:16.1 (2014 est.)


Median age:
total:17.4 years
male:17.1 years
female:17.7 years (2014 est.)


Population growth rate:
2.8% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 18


Birth rate:
36.82 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 17


Death rate:
8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 92


Net migration rate:
-0.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 136


Urbanization:
urban population:26.7% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization:4.77% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)


Major urban areas - population:
DAR ES SALAAM (capital) 3.588 million (2011)


Sex ratio:
at birth:1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.02 male(s)/female
15-24 years:1 male(s)/female
25-54 years:1.01 male(s)/female
55-64 years:0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.76 male(s)/female
total population:0.99 male(s)/female (2014 est.)


Mother's mean age at first birth:
19.6


Maternal mortality rate:
460 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)


    Infant mortality rate:
total:43.74 deaths/1,000 live birthscountry comparison to the world: 49
male:45.78 deaths/1,000 live births
female:41.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)


Life expectancy at birth:
total population:61.24 yearscountry comparison to the world: 190
male:59.91 years
female:62.62 years (2014 est.)


Total fertility rate:
4.95 children born/woman (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 17


Contraceptive prevalence rate:
34.4% (2009/10)


Health expenditures:
7.3% of GDP (2011)


Physicians density:
0.01 physicians/1,000 population (2006)


Hospital bed density:
0.7 beds/1,000 population (2010)


Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 77.9% of population
rural: 44% of population
total: 53.2% of population
unimproved:
urban: 22.1% of population
rural: 56% of population
total: 46.8% of population (2012 est.)


Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 24.9% of population
rural: 7.5% of population
total: 12.2% of population
unimproved:
urban: 75.1% of population
rural: 92.5% of population
total: 87.8% of population (2012 est.)


HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
5.1% (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 13


HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
1,472,400 (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 7


HIV/AIDS - deaths:
80,000 (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 4


Major infectious diseases:


Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
5% (2008)country comparison to the world: 156


Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
16.2% (2010)country comparison to the world: 44


Education expenditures:
6.2% of GDP (2010)country comparison to the world: 37

Literacy:
definition:age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic
total population:67.8%
male:75.5%
female:60.8% (2010 est.)


School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total:9 years
male:9 years
female:9 years (2012)


Child labor - children ages 5-14:



Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
total:7.1% (2011)country comparison to the world: 129

Government

Country name:
conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania
conventional short form:Tanzania
local long form:Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania
local short form:Tanzania
former:United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar


Government type:
republic


Capital:
name:Dar es Salaam; note - legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital, and the National Assembly now meets there on a regular basis; the executive branch with all ministries and diplomatic representation remains in Dar es Salaam
geographic coordinates:6 48 S, 39 17 E
time difference:UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)


Administrative divisions:
30 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Geita, Iringa, Kagera, Kaskazini Pemba (Pemba North), Kaskazini Unguja (Zanzibar North), Katavi, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Kusini Pemba (Pemba South), Kusini Unguja (Zanzibar Central/South), Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Mjini Magharibi (Zanzibar Urban/West), Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Njombe, Pwani (Coast), Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Singida, Tabora, Tanga


Independence:
26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent on 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent on 10 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar on 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania on 29 October 1964


National holiday:
Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)


Constitution:
several previous; latest adopted 25 April 1977; amended many times, last in 2012; note - in 2012, the Tanzania Constitutional Review Commission was formed, and in June 2013, completed the first draft of a new constitution (2013)


Legal system:
English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation


International law organization participation:
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction


Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal


Executive branch:
chief of state:President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government:President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010)
note:Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Ali Mohamed SHEIN elected to that office on 31 October 2010, sworn in 3 November 2010
cabinet:Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly
elections:president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president
election results:Jakaya KIKWETE elected president; percent of vote - Jakaya KIKWETE 61.2%, Willibrod SLAA 26.3%, Ibrahim LIPUMBA 8.1%, other 4.4%


Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (357 seats; 239 members elected by popular vote, 102 allocated to women nominated by the president, 5 to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms, up to 10 additional members appointed by the president, 1 seat reserved for the Attorney General); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives with jurisdiction exclusive to Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats; members elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)
elections:last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results:National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 259, CHADEMA 48, CUF 34, NCCR-M 4, other 7, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 28, CUF 22


    Judicial branch:
highest court(s):Court of Appeal of the United Republic of Tanzania (consists of the chief justice and 14 justices); High Court of the United Republic for Mainland Tanzania (consists of the principal judge and 30 judges organized into commercial, land, and labor courts); High Court of Zanzibar (consists of the chief justice and NA judges)
judge selection and term of office:Court of Appeal and High Court justices appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission for Tanzania, a judicial body of high level judges and 2 members appointed by the national president; Court of Appeal and High Court judges appointed until mandatory retirement at age 60 but can extended; High Court of Zanzibar judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Commission of Zanzibar; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts:Resident Magistrates Courts; Kadhi courts (for Islamic family matters); district and primary courts


Political parties and leaders:
Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Willibrod SLAA]
Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Jakaya Mrisho KIKWETE]
Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]
Democratic Party or DP [Christopher MTIKLA] (unregistered)
National Convention for Construction and Reform - Mageuzi or NCCR-M [Hashim RUNGWE]
Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Mutamwega MUGAHWYA]
United Democratic Party or UDP [Fahma DOVUTWA]


Political pressure groups and leaders:
Economic and Social Research Foundation or ESRF


International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, EAC, EADB, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO


Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Liberata Rutageruka MULAMULA (since 17 July 2013)
chancery:1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037
telephone:[1] (202) 939-6125
FAX:[1] (202) 797-7408


Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Mark Bradley CHILDRESS (since 7 April 2014)
embassy:686 Old Bagamoyo Road, Msasani, Dar es Salaam
mailing address:P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam
telephone:[255] (22) 229-4000
FAX:[255] (22) 229-4970 or 4971


Flag description:
divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue; the banner combines colors found on the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; green represents the natural vegetation of the country, gold its rich mineral deposits, black the native Swahili people, and blue the country's many lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian Ocean


National symbol(s):
Uhuru (Freedom) torch


National anthem:
name:'Mungu ibariki Afrika' (God Bless Africa)

lyrics/music:collective/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA
note:adopted 1961; the anthem, which is also a popular song in Africa, shares the same melody with that of Zambia, but has different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem

Economy

Economy - overview:
Tanzania is one of the world's poorest economies in terms of per capita income, however, it has achieved high overall growth rates based on gold production and tourism. Tanzania has largely completed its transition to a liberalized market economy, though the government retains a presence in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, energy, and mining. The economy depends on agriculture, which accounts for more than one-quarter of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs about 80% of the work force. The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging economic infrastructure, including rail and port infrastructure that are important trade links for inland countries. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment, and the government has increased spending on agriculture to 7% of its budget. The financial sector in Tanzania has expanded in recent years and foreign-owned banks account for about 48% of the banking industry's total assets. Competition among foreign commercial banks has resulted in significant improvements in the efficiency and quality of financial services, though interest rates are still relatively high, reflecting high fraud risk. All land in Tanzania is owned by the government, which can lease land for up to 99 years. Proposed reforms to allow for land ownership, particularly foreign land ownership, remain unpopular. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported a positive growth rate, despite the world recession. In 2008, Tanzania received the world's largest Millennium Challenge Compact grant, worth $698 million, and in December 2012 the Millennium Challenge Corporation selected Tanzania for a second Compact. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus and loosened monetary policy to ease the impact of the global recession. GDP growth in 2009-13 was a respectable 6-7% per year due to high gold prices and increased production.


GDP (purchasing power parity):
$79.29 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
$74.12 billion (2012 est.)
$69.31 billion (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


GDP (official exchange rate):
$31.94 billion (2013 est.)


GDP - real growth rate:
7% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
6.9% (2012 est.)
6.4% (2011 est.)


GDP - per capita (PPP):
$1,700 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
$1,600 (2012 est.)
$1,600 (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


Gross national saving:
25.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
25.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
17.4% of GDP (2011 est.)


GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption:60.3%
government consumption:17.2%
investment in fixed capital:40.2%
investment in inventories:0.6%
exports of goods and services:30.1%
imports of goods and services:-48.5%
(2013 est.)


GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture:27.6%
industry:25%
services:47.4% (2013 est.)


Agriculture - products:
coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (manioc, tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats


Industries:
agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); mining (diamonds, gold, and iron), salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer


Industrial production growth rate:
7.4% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30

Labor force:
25.59 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27


Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture:80%
industry and services:20% (2002 est.)


Unemployment rate:
NA%


Population below poverty line:
36% (2002 est.)


    Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:2.8%
highest 10%:29.6% (2007)


Distribution of family income - Gini index:
37.6 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 77
34.6 (2000)


Budget:
revenues:$7.117 billion
expenditures:$8.917 billion (2013 est.)


Taxes and other revenues:
22.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-5.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174


Public debt:
42.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
41.7% of GDP (2012 est.)


Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June


Inflation rate (consumer prices):
7.8% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195
16% (2012 est.)


Central bank discount rate:
8.25% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
3.7% (31 December 2009 est.)


Commercial bank prime lending rate:
13.6% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
15.46% (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of narrow money:
$4.594 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
$4.16 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of broad money:
$7.702 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
$6.824 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of domestic credit:
$7.326 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
$7.061 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Market value of publicly traded shares:
$1.803 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Current account balance:
-$4.857 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 167
-$4.195 billion (2012 est.)


Exports:
$5.92 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
$5.912 billion (2012 est.)


Exports - commodities:
gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton


Exports - partners:
India 15.2%, China 11.1%, Japan 6.2%, Germany 5.1%, UAE 4.8% (2012)


Imports:
$11.16 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
$10.32 billion (2012 est.)


Imports - commodities:
consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil


Imports - partners:
China 21.3%, India 16.3%, South Africa 6.4%, Kenya 6%, UAE 5% (2012)


Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$4.343 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
$4.053 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
note:excludes gold


Debt - external:
$13.82 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
$11.82 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$NA


Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$NA


Exchange rates:
Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar -
1,609.2 (2013 est.)
1,583 (2012 est.)
1,409.3 (2010 est.)
1,320.3 (2009)
1,178.1 (2008)

Energy

Electricity - production:
4.302 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122


Electricity - consumption:
3.403 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126


Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 207


Electricity - imports:
50 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99


Electricity - installed generating capacity:
841,000 kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127


Electricity - from fossil fuels:
33.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174


Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 193


Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
66.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 25


Electricity - from other renewable sources:
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132


Crude oil - production:
10 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129


Crude oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195


Crude oil - imports:
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132


    Crude oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl
country comparison to the world: 199


Refined petroleum products - production:
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 202


Refined petroleum products - consumption:
43,310 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104


Refined petroleum products - exports:
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138


Refined petroleum products - imports:
30,750 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91


Natural gas - production:
860 million cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67


Natural gas - consumption:
780 million cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92


Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 197


Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140


Natural gas - proved reserves:
6.513 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87


Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
7.228 million Mt (2011 est.)

Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
161,100 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 133


Telephones - mobile cellular:
27.22 million (2012)
country comparison to the world: 39


Telephone system:
general assessment:telecommunications services are marginal; system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; small aperture terminal (VSAT) system under construction
domestic:fixed-line telephone network inadequate with less than 1 connection per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service, aided by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly and in 2011 exceeded a subscriber base of 50 telephones per 100 persons; trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital
international:country code - 255; landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa with Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2010)



    Broadcast media:
a state-owned TV station and multiple privately owned TV stations; state-owned national radio station supplemented by more than 40 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)


Internet country code:
.tz


Internet hosts:
26,074 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 110


Internet users:
678,000 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 111

Transportation

Airports
166 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 34


Airports - with paved runways
total:10
over 3,047 m:2
2,438 to 3,047 m:2
1,524 to 2,437 m:4
914 to 1,523 m:2 (2013)


Airports - with unpaved runways
total:156
over 3,047 m:1
1,524 to 2,437 m:24
914 to 1,523 m:98
under 914 m:
33 (2013)


Pipelines
gas 311 km; oil 891 km; refined products 8 km (2013)


Railways
total:3,689 kmcountry comparison to the world: 47
narrow gauge:969 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,720 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)


    Roadways
total:86,472 kmcountry comparison to the world: 53
paved:7,092 km
unpaved:79,380 km (2010)


Waterways



Merchant marine
total:94
country comparison to the world: 52
by type:bulk carrier 6, cargo 66, carrier 4, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3
foreign-owned:42 (Japan 1, Romania 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Syria 23, Turkey 13, UAE 3)
registered in other countries:3 (Panama 2, UK 1) (2010)



Ports and terminals
major seaport(s):Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar

Transportation - note
the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships, especially as Somali-based pirates extend their activities south; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen

Military

Military branches
Tanzania People's Defense Force (Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ): Army, Naval Wing (includes Coast Guard), Air Defense Command (includes Air Wing), National Service (2007)


Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)


Manpower available for military service
males age 16-49:9,985,445 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service
males age 16-49:5,860,339
females age 16-49:5,882,279 (2010 est.)


    Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
male:512,294
female:514,164 (2010 est.)


Military expenditures
1.13% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 90
1.12% of GDP (2011)
1.13% of GDP (2010)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international
dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River; Malawi contends that the entire lake up to the Tanzanian shoreline is its territory, while Tanzania claims the border is in the center of the lake; the conflict was reignited in 2012 when Malawi awarded a license to a British company for oil exploration in the lake


    Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees (country of origin):64,569 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 35,183 (Burundi) (2013)


Trafficking in persons



Illicit drugs
targeted by traffickers moving hashish, Afghan heroin, and South American cocaine transported down the East African coastline, through airports, or overland through Central Africa; Zanzibar likely used by traffickers for drug smuggling; traffickers in the past have recruited Tanzanian couriers to move drugs through Iran into East Asia
 Information/ Data by CIA - The World Factbook