Country Guide

Aruba Facts

Geography People and Society Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues

Geography

Location:
Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela


Geographic coordinates:
12 30 N, 69 58 W


Map references:
Central America and the Caribbean


Area:
total:180 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 218
land:180 sq km
water:0 sq km


Area - comparative:
slightly larger than Washington, DC


Land boundaries:
territorial sea:12 nm

Climate:
tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation


Terrain:
flat with a few hills; scant vegetation


    Elevation extremes:
lowest point:Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:Ceru Jamanota 188 m


Natural resources:
NEGL; white sandy beaches


Land use:
arable land:11.11%
permanent crops:0%
other:88.89% (2005)


Irrigated land:
NA


Natural hazards:
hurricanes; lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened


Environment - current issues:
NA


Geography - note:
a flat, riverless island renowned for its white sand beaches; its tropical climate is moderated by constant trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean; the temperature is almost constant at about 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit)

People and Society

Nationality:
noun: Aruban(s)
adjective:Aruban; Dutch


Ethnic groups:
Dutch 82.1%, Colombian 6.6%, Venezuelan 2.2%, Dominican 2.2%, Haitian 1.2%, other 5.5%, unspecified 0.1% (2010 est.)


Languages:
Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 69.4%, Spanish 13.7%, English (widely spoken) 7.1%, Dutch (official) 6.1%, Chinese 1.5%, other 1.7%, unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)


Religions:
Roman Catholic 75.3%, Protestant 4.9% (includes Methodist .9%, Adventist .9%, Anglican .4%, other Protestant 2.7%), Jehovah's Witness 1.7%, other 12%, none 5.5%, unspecified 0.5% (2010 est.)


Population:
110,663 (July 2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 190


Age structure:
0-14 years:17.8% (male 9,852/female 9,797)
15-24 years:13.5% (male 7,469/female 7,427)
25-54 years:43% (male 22,981/female 24,615)
55-64 years:13.5% (male 6,804/female 8,093)
65 years and over:12.3% (male 5,346/female 8,279) (2014 est.)


Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio:44.1 %
youth dependency ratio:27.1 %
elderly dependency ratio:16.9 %
potential support ratio:5.9 (2014 est.)


Median age:
total:38.8 years
male:36.9 years
female:40.6 years (2014 est.)


Population growth rate:
1.36% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 90


Birth rate:
12.65 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 158


Death rate:
8.09 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 96


Net migration rate:
9.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 15


Urbanization:
urban population:46.8% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization:0.54% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)


Major urban areas - population:
ORANJESTAD (capital) 37,000 (2011)


Sex ratio:
at birth:1.02 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years:1.01 male(s)/female
25-54 years:0.93 male(s)/female
55-64 years:0.9 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.65 male(s)/female
total population:0.9 male(s)/female (2014 est.)


    Infant mortality rate:
total:11.74 deaths/1,000 live birthscountry comparison to the world: 128
male:15.44 deaths/1,000 live births
female:7.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)


Life expectancy at birth:
total population:76.35 yearscountry comparison to the world: 82
male:73.3 years
female:79.47 years (2014 est.)


Total fertility rate:
1.84 children born/woman (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 150


Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 97.8% of population
rural: 97.8% of population
total: 97.8% of population
unimproved:
urban: 2.2% of population
rural: 2.2% of population
total: 2.2% of population (2012 est.)


Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 97.7% of population
rural: 97.7% of population
total: 97.7% of population
unimproved:
urban: 2.3% of population
rural: 2.3% of population
total: 2.3% of population (2012 est.)


HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
NA


HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
NA


HIV/AIDS - deaths:
NA


Education expenditures:
6% of GDP (2011)country comparison to the world: 41

Literacy:
definition:age 15 and over can read and write
total population:96.8%
male:96.9%
female:96.7% (2010 est.)


School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total:13 years
male:13 years
female:14 years (2011)


Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
total:23.2%country comparison to the world: 47
male:24.1%
female:22.9% (2007)

Government

Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form:Aruba


Dependency status:
constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs


Government type:
parliamentary democracy


Capital:
name:Oranjestad
geographic coordinates:12 31 N, 70 02 W
time difference:UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)


Administrative divisions:
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)


Independence:
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)


National holiday:
Flag Day, 18 March (1976)


Constitution:
previous 1947, 1955; latest drafted and approved August 1985, enacted 1 January 1986 (regulates governance of Aruba, but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands); note - in October 2010, following dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Aruba became a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands (2013)


Legal system:
civil law system based on the Dutch civil code


Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal


Executive branch:
chief of state:King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor General Fredis REFUNJOL (since 11 May 2004)
head of government:Prime Minister Michiel 'Mike' Godfried EMAN (since 30 October 2009)
cabinet:Council of Ministers elected by the Staten
elections:the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed for a six-year term by the monarch; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by the Staten for four-year terms; election last held on 25 September 2009 (next to be held by September 2013)
election results:Michiel 'Mike' Godfried EMAN elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA


Legislative branch:
unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections:last held on 27 September 2013 (next to be held in 2017)
election results:percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AVP 13, MEP 8


    Judicial branch:
highest court(s):Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatitus and Saba or 'Joint Court of Justice' (consists of the presiding judge, NA members, and NA substitutes); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court, in The Hague, Netherlands
note - prior to 2010, the Joint Court of Justice was the Common Court of Justice of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba
judge selection and term of office:Joint Court judges appointed by the monarch for life
subordinate courts:Courts in First Instance


Political parties and leaders:
Aliansa/Aruban Social Movement or MSA [Robert WEVER]
Aruban Liberal Organization or OLA [Glenbert CROES]
Aruban Patriotic Movement or MPA [Monica ARENDS-KOCK]
Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA [Benny NISBET]
Aruban People's Party or AVP [Michiel 'Mike' EMAN]
People's Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson O. ODUBER]
Real Democracy or PDR [Andin BIKKER]
RED [Rudy LAMPE]
Workers Political Platform or PTT [Gregorio WOLFF]


Political pressure groups and leaders:
Aliansa/Aruban Social Movement or MSA [Robert WEVER]
Aruban Liberal Organization or OLA [Glenbert CROES]
Aruban Patriotic Movement or MPA [Monica ARENDS-KOCK]
Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA [Benny NISBET]
Aruban People's Party or AVP [Michiel 'Mike' EMAN]
People's Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson O. ODUBER]
Real Democracy or PDR [Andin BIKKER]
RED [Rudy LAMPE]
Workers Political Platform or PTT [Gregorio WOLFF]



International organization participation:
Caricom (observer), FATF, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU


Diplomatic representation in the US:
name:'Aruba Deshi Tera' (Aruba Precious Country)

lyrics/music:Juan Chabaya 'Padu' LAMPE/Rufo Inocencio WEVER
note:local anthem adopted 1986; as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, 'Het Wilhelmus' is official (see Netherlands)

Economy

Economy - overview:
Tourism and offshore banking are the mainstays of the small open Aruban economy. Tourist arrivals have rebounded strongly following a dip after the 11 September 2001 attacks. Tourism now accounts for over 80 % of economic activity. Over 1.5 million tourists per year visit Aruba, with 75% of those from the US. The rapid growth of the tourism sector has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction continues to boom with hotel capacity five times the 1985 level. Aruba is heavily dependent on imports and is making efforts to expand exports to achieve a more desirable trade balance. Aruba weathered two major shocks in recent years: fallout from the global financial crisis, which had its largest impact on tourism, and the closure of its oil refinery in 2009. Economic recovery is progressing gradually, but output is still 12% below its pre-crisis level. Aruba’s banking sector withstood the recession well, and unemployment has significantly decreased.


GDP (purchasing power parity):
$2.516 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 186
$2.258 billion (2005 est.)
$2.205 billion (2004 est.)


GDP (official exchange rate):
$2.516 billion (2009 est.)


GDP - real growth rate:
2.4% (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$25,300 (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture:0.4%
industry:33.3%
services:66.3% (2002 est.)


Agriculture - products:
aloes; livestock; fish


Industries:
tourism, transshipment facilities, banking


Industrial production growth rate:
NA%


Labor force:
51,610
country comparison to the world: 192
note:of the 51,610 workers aged 15 and over in the labor force, 32,252 were born in Aruba and 19,353 came from abroad; foreign workers are 38% of the employed population (2007 est.)



Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture:NA%
industry:NA%
services:NA%
note:most employment is in wholesale and retail trade, followed by hotels and restaurants


Unemployment rate:
6.9% (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72

Population below poverty line:
NA%


Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:NA%
highest 10%:NA%


Budget:
revenues:$625.1 million
expenditures:$813.9 million (2013 est.)


    Taxes and other revenues:
24.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-7.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 189


Public debt:
67% of GDP (2013)
country comparison to the world: 42
55% of GDP (2012)


Fiscal year:
calendar year


Inflation rate (consumer prices):
-2% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
0.6% (2012 est.)


Central bank discount rate:
1% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
3% (31 December 2009 est.)


Commercial bank prime lending rate:
10.5% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
8.4% (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of narrow money:
$1.022 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150
$868.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)


Stock of broad money:
$1.91 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
$1.765 billion (31 December 2011 est.)


Stock of domestic credit:
$1.594 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
$1.448 billion (31 December 2011 est.)


Exports:
$2.222 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
$1.389 billion (2012 est.)


Exports - commodities:
live animals and animal products, art and collectibles, machinery and electrical equipment, transport equipment


Exports - partners:
Colombia 39.4%, Venezuela 29.3%, US 13%, Netherlands Antilles 4.1% (2012)


Imports:
$3.162 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 146
$2.039 billion (2012 est.)


Imports - commodities:
machinery and electrical equipment, crude oil for refining and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs


Imports - partners:
US 46.4%, Netherlands 11.5%, UK 5.4% (2012)


Debt - external:
$533.4 million (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173

Exchange rates:
Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar -
1.79 (2013 est.)
1.79 (2012 est.)

Energy

Electricity - production:
980 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147


Electricity - consumption:
911.4 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153


Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92


Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110


Electricity - installed generating capacity:
266,000 kW (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153


Electricity - from fossil fuels:
88.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81


Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31


Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151


Electricity - from other renewable sources:
11.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 25


Crude oil - production:
2,811 bbl/day (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103


Crude oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75


Crude oil - imports:
228,800 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30


    Crude oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101


Refined petroleum products - production:
234,200 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50


Refined petroleum products - consumption:
5,661 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163


Refined petroleum products - exports:
234,200 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26


Refined petroleum products - imports:
6,725 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137


Natural gas - production:
1 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95


Natural gas - consumption:
1 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115


Natural gas - exports:
1 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53


Natural gas - imports:
1 cu m (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78


Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107


Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
1.237 million Mt (2011 est.)

Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:
43,000 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 169


Telephones - mobile cellular:
135,000 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 188


Telephone system:
general assessment:modern fully automatic telecommunications system
domestic:increased competition through privatization; 3 mobile-cellular service providers are now licensed
international:country code - 297; landing site for the PAN-AM submarine telecommunications cable system that extends from the US Virgin Islands through Aruba to Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and the west coast of South America; extensive interisland microwave radio relay links (2007)



    Broadcast media:
2 commercial TV stations; cable TV subscription service provides access to foreign channels; about 20 commercial radio stations broadcast (2007)


Internet country code:
.aw


Internet hosts:
40,560 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 101


Internet users:
24,000 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 188

Transportation

Airports
1 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 210


Airports - with paved runways
total:1
2,438 to 3,047 m:1 (2013)


    Ports and terminals
major seaport(s):Barcadera, Oranjestad
oil terminal(s):Sint Nicolaas
cruise port(s):Oranjestad

Military

Military branches
no regular military forces (2011)


Manpower available for military service
males age 16-49:24,891
females age 16-49:26,202 (2010 est.)


Manpower fit for military service
males age 16-49:20,527
females age 16-49:21,493 (2010 est.)


    Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
male:767
female:743 (2010 est.)


Military - note
defense is the responsibility of the Netherlands; the Aruba security services focus on organized crime and terrorism (2011)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international
none


    Illicit drugs
transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some accompanying money-laundering activity; relatively high percentage of population consumes cocaine
Information/ Data by CIA - The World Factbook