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Country Guide

British Virgin Islands Facts

Geography People and Society Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues

Geography

Location:
Caribbean, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico


Geographic coordinates:
18 30 N, 64 30 W


Map references:
Central America and the Caribbean


Area:
total:151 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 220
land:151 sq km
water:0 sq km
note:comprised of 16 inhabited and more than 20 uninhabited islands; includes the islands of Tortola, Anegada, Virgin Gorda, Jost van Dyke


Area - comparative:
about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC


Land boundaries:
territorial sea:3 nm
exclusive fishing zone:200 nm


    Climate:
subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds


Terrain:
coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly


Elevation extremes:
lowest point:Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:Mount Sage 521 m


Natural resources:
NEGL


Land use:
arable land:6.67%
permanent crops:6.67%
other:86.67% (2011)


Irrigated land:
NA


Natural hazards:
hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October)


Environment - current issues:
limited natural freshwater resources except for a few seasonal streams and springs on Tortola; most of the islands' water supply comes from wells and rainwater catchments


Geography - note:
strong ties to nearby US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico

People and Society

Nationality:
noun: British Virgin Islander(s)
adjective:British Virgin Islander


Ethnic groups:
black 82%, white 6.8%, other 11.2% (includes Indian and mixed) (2008)


Languages:
English (official)


Religions:
Protestant 84% (Methodist 33%, Anglican 17%, Church of God 9%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6%, Baptist 4%, other 15%), Roman Catholic 10%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2%, other 2%, none 2% (1991)


Population:
32,680 (July 2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 216


Age structure:
0-14 years:17.2% (male 2,770/female 2,861)
15-24 years:14.5% (male 2,252/female 2,472)
25-54 years:49.8% (male 7,697/female 8,574)
55-64 years:10.6% (male 1,709/female 1,763)
65 years and over:7.6% (male 1,258/female 1,324) (2014 est.)


Median age:
total:35.6 years
male:35.5 years
female:35.7 years (2014 est.)


Population growth rate:
2.36% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 36


Birth rate:
10.83 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 180


Death rate:
4.93 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 191


Net migration rate:
17.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 4


Urbanization:
urban population:40.6% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization:1.48% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)


Major urban areas - population:
ROAD TOWN (capital) 10,000 (2011)


Sex ratio:
at birth:1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years:0.97 male(s)/female
15-24 years:0.91 male(s)/female
25-54 years:0.9 male(s)/female
55-64 years:0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.95 male(s)/female
total population:0.93 male(s)/female (2014 est.)


    Infant mortality rate:
total:13.45 deaths/1,000 live birthscountry comparison to the world: 118
male:15.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female:11.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)


Life expectancy at birth:
total population:78.29 yearscountry comparison to the world: 57
male:76.99 years
female:79.66 years (2014 est.)


Total fertility rate:
1.25 children born/woman (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 219


Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 98% of population
rural: 98% of population
total: 98% of population
unimproved:
urban: 2% of population
rural: 2% of population
total: 2% of population (2010 est.)


Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 97.5% of population
rural: 97.5% of population
total: 97.5% of population
unimproved:
urban: 2.5% of population
rural: 2.5% of population
total: 2.5% of population (2012 est.)


HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
NA


HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
NA


HIV/AIDS - deaths:
NA


Education expenditures:
4.4% of GDP (2010)country comparison to the world: 96

Literacy:
definition:age 15 and over can read and write
total population:97.8%
male:NA
female:NA (1991 est.)


School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total:15 years
male:15 years
female:16 years (2009)

Government

Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form:British Virgin Islands
abbreviation:BVI


Dependency status:
overseas territory of the UK; internal self-governing


Government type:
NA


Capital:
name:Road Town
geographic coordinates:18 25 N, 64 37 W
time difference:UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)


Administrative divisions:
none (overseas territory of the UK)


Independence:
none (overseas territory of the UK)


National holiday:
Territory Day, 1 July (1956)


Constitution:
several previous; latest effective 15 June 2007 (2007)


Legal system:
English common law


Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal


Executive branch:
chief of state:Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Boyd MCCLEARY (since 20 August 2010)
head of government:Premier Orlando SMITH (since 9 November 2011)
cabinet:Executive Council appointed by the governor from members of the House of Assembly
elections:the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed premier by the governor


Legislative branch:
unicameral House of Assembly (13 elected seats, a speaker elected by the 13 members of the House of Assembly, and 1 non-voting ex officio member in the attorney general; members are elected by direct popular vote, 1 member from each of nine electoral districts, 4 at-large members; members serve four-year terms)
elections:last held on 7 November 2011 (next to be held in 2015)
election results:percent of vote by party - NDP 49.4%, VIP 42%, other 8.6%; seats by party - NDP 9, VIP 4


    Judicial branch:
highest court(s):the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include the British Virgin Islands; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the 9 member states; 3 High Court judges reside in member states; 3 High Court judges reside on the British Virgin Islands
judge selection and term of office:Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts:Magistrates' Courts


Political parties and leaders:
Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Ethlyn SMITH]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]; United Party or UP [Gregory MADURO]; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Ralph T. O'NEAL]

Political pressure groups and leaders:
The Family Support Network; The Women's Desk


International organization participation:
Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, OECS, UNESCO (associate), UPU


Diplomatic representation in the US:
note:as a territory of the United Kingdom, 'God Save the Queen' is official (see United Kingdom)

Economy

Economy - overview:
The economy, one of the most stable and prosperous in the Caribbean, is highly dependent on tourism generating an estimated 45% of the national income. More than 934,000 tourists, mainly from the US, visited the islands in 2008. In the mid-1980s, the government began offering offshore registration to companies wishing to incorporate in the islands, and incorporation fees now generate substantial revenues. Roughly 400,000 companies were on the offshore registry by yearend 2000. The adoption of a comprehensive insurance law in late 1994, which provides a blanket of confidentiality with regulated statutory gateways for investigation of criminal offenses, made the British Virgin Islands even more attractive to international business. Livestock raising is the most important agricultural activity; poor soils limit the islands' ability to meet domestic food requirements. Because of traditionally close links with the US Virgin Islands, the British Virgin Islands has used the US dollar as its currency since 1959.


GDP (purchasing power parity):
$500 million (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 215

GDP (official exchange rate):
$1.095 billion (2008)


GDP - real growth rate:
1.3% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
-0.6% (2008 est.)


GDP - per capita (PPP):
$42,300 (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23

GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption:34.1%
government consumption:8.3%
investment in fixed capital:23.7%
investment in inventories:0%
exports of goods and services:107.8%
imports of goods and services:-73.9%
(2013 est.)


GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture:1.1%
industry:11.7%
services:87.2% (2013 est.)


Agriculture - products:
fruits, vegetables; livestock, poultry; fish


Industries:
tourism, light industry, construction, rum, concrete block, offshore banking center


Industrial production growth rate:
3% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103

    Labor force:
12,770 (2004)
country comparison to the world: 214


Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture:0.6%
industry:40%
services:59.4% (2005)


Unemployment rate:
8.7% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96

Population below poverty line:
NA%


Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:NA%
highest 10%:NA%


Budget:
revenues:$300 million
expenditures:$300 million (2013 est.)


Taxes and other revenues:
27.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
0% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44


Fiscal year:
1 April - 31 March


Inflation rate (consumer prices):
1.6% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
2.2% (2012 est.)


Current account balance:
$362.6 million (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
$279.8 million (2010 est.)


Exports:
$26 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
$25 million (2011 est.)


Exports - commodities:
rum, fresh fish, fruits, animals; gravel, sand


Imports:
$310 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
$320 million (2011 est.)


Imports - commodities:
building materials, automobiles, foodstuffs, machinery


Debt - external:
$36.1 million (1997)
country comparison to the world: 194

Exchange rates:
the US dollar is used

Energy

Electricity - production:
50 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 207


Electricity - consumption:
46.5 million kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 207


Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 210


Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world:

Country Guide

Uganda Facts

Geography People and Society Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues

Geography

Location:
East-Central Africa, west of Kenya, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo


Geographic coordinates:
1 00 N, 32 00 E


Map references:
Africa


Area:
total:241,038 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 81
land:197,100 sq km
water:43,938 sq km


Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than Oregon


Land boundaries:
total:2,698 km
border countries:Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, South Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km


Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)


Maritime claims:
lowest point:Lake Albert 621 m
highest point:Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m


    Natural resources:
copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, gold


Land use:
arable land:27.94%
permanent crops:9.11%
other:62.95% (2011)


Irrigated land:
144.2 sq km (2010)


Total renewable water resources:
66 cu km (2011)


Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
66 cu km (2011)

Natural hazards:
NA


Environment - current issues:
draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; widespread poaching


Environment - international agreements:
party to:Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:Environmental Modification


Geography - note:
landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers

People and Society

Nationality:
noun: Ugandan(s)
adjective:Ugandan


Ethnic groups:
Baganda 16.9%, Banyankole 9.5%, Basoga 8.4%, Bakiga 6.9%, Iteso 6.4%, Langi 6.1%, Acholi 4.7%, Bagisu 4.6%, Lugbara 4.2%, Bunyoro 2.7%, other 29.6% (2002 census)


Languages:
English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic


Religions:
Roman Catholic 41.9%, Protestant 42% (Anglican 35.9%, Pentecostal 4.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.5%), Muslim 12.1%, other 3.1%, none 0.9% (2002 census)


Population:
35,918,915country comparison to the world: 36
note:estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2014 est.)



Age structure:
0-14 years:48.7% (male 8,714,354/female 8,765,900)
15-24 years:21.2% (male 3,775,679/female 3,833,574)
25-54 years:25.7% (male 4,618,088/female 4,615,616)
55-64 years:2.4% (male 405,740/female 447,118)
65 years and over:2.1% (male 327,771/female 415,075) (2014 est.)


Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio:102.4 %
youth dependency ratio:97.5 %
elderly dependency ratio:4.9 %
potential support ratio:20.5 (2014 est.)


Median age:
total:15.5 years
male:15.5 years
female:15.6 years (2014 est.)


Population growth rate:
3.24% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 9


Birth rate:
44.17 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 3


Death rate:
10.97 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 35


Net migration rate:
-0.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 144


Urbanization:
urban population:15.6% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization:5.74% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)


Major urban areas - population:
KAMPALA (capital) 1.659 million (2011)


Sex ratio:
at birth:1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years:0.99 male(s)/female
15-24 years:0.99 male(s)/female
25-54 years:1 male(s)/female
55-64 years:0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.8 male(s)/female
total population:0.99 male(s)/female (2014 est.)


Mother's mean age at first birth:
18.9


    Maternal mortality rate:
310 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)


Infant mortality rate:
total:60.82 deaths/1,000 live birthscountry comparison to the world: 21
male:70.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female:51.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)


Life expectancy at birth:
total population:54.46 yearscountry comparison to the world: 209
male:53.1 years
female:55.86 years (2014 est.)


Total fertility rate:
5.97 children born/woman (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 5


Contraceptive prevalence rate:
30% (2011)


Health expenditures:
9.5% of GDP (2011)


Physicians density:
0.12 physicians/1,000 population (2005)


Hospital bed density:
0.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)


Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 94.8% of population
rural: 71% of population
total: 74.8% of population
unimproved:
urban: 5.2% of population
rural: 29% of population
total: 25.2% of population (2012 est.)


Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 32.8% of population
rural: 34.1% of population
total: 33.9% of population
unimproved:
urban: 67.2% of population
rural: 65.9% of population
total: 66.1% of population (2012 est.)


HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
7.2% (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 10


HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
1,549,200 (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 6


HIV/AIDS - deaths:
63,300 (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 6


Major infectious diseases:


Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
4.3% (2008)country comparison to the world: 167


Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
14.1% (2011)country comparison to the world: 54


Education expenditures:
3.3% of GDP (2012)country comparison to the world: 131

Literacy:
definition:age 15 and over can read and write
total population:73.2%
male:82.6%
female:64.6% (2010 est.)


School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total:11 years
male:11 years
female:11 years (2009)


Child labor - children ages 5-14:



Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
total:5.4% (2009)country comparison to the world: 136

Government

Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Uganda
conventional short form:Uganda


Government type:
republic


Capital:
name:Kampala
geographic coordinates:0 19 N, 32 33 E
time difference:UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)


Administrative divisions:
111 districts and 1 capital city*; Abim, Adjumani, Agago, Alebtong, Amolatar, Amudat, Amuria, Amuru, Apac, Arua, Budaka, Bududa, Bugiri, Buhweju, Buikwe, Bukedea, Bukomansimbi, Bukwa, Bulambuli, Buliisa, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Butaleja, Butambala, Buvuma, Buyende, Dokolo, Gomba, Gulu, Hoima, Ibanda, Iganga, Isingiro, Jinja, Kaabong, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kalangala, Kaliro, Kalungu, Kampala*, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibaale, Kiboga, Kibuku, Kiruhura, Kiryandongo, Kisoro, Kitgum, Koboko, Kole, Kotido, Kumi, Kween, Kyankwanzi, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo, Lamwo, Lira, Luuka, Luwero, Lwengo, Lyantonde, Manafwa, Maracha, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Mitooma, Mityana, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Namayingo, Namutumba, Napak, Nebbi, Ngora, Ntoroko, Ntungamo, Nwoya, Otuke, Oyam, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rubirizi, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Serere, Sheema, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe, Zombo


Independence:
9 October 1962 (from the UK)


National holiday:
Independence Day, 9 October (1962)


Constitution:
several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1995, promulgated 8 October 1995; amended many times, last in 2005 (2011)


Legal system:
mixed legal system of English common law and customary law


International law organization participation:
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction


Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal


Executive branch:
chief of state:President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Vice President Edward SSEKANDI (since 24 May 2011) note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government:President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Prime Minister Amama MBABAZI (since 24 May 2011); note - the prime minister assists the president in supervising the cabinet
cabinet:Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators
elections:president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 18 February 2011 (next to be held in 2016)
election results:Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI re-elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 68.4%, Kizza BESIGYE 26.0%, other 5.6%


Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly (375 seats; 238 members elected by popular vote, 112 women directly elected, 25 nominated by legally established special interest groups [army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5], additional ex-officio members may be nominated by the president; members serve five-year terms)
elections:last held on 18 February 2011 (next to be held in 2016)
election results:percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 263, FDC 34, DP 12, UPC 10, UPDF 10, CP 1, JEEMA 1, independents 43, vacant 1; note - UPDF is the Uganda People's Defense Force


Judicial branch:
highest court(s):Supreme Court of Uganda (consists of the chief justice and 5 justices)
judge selection and term of office:justices appointed by the president in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission (a 9-member independent advisory body) and with approval of the National Assembly; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 70
subordinate courts:Court of Appeal (also sits as the Constitutional Court); High Court (includes 10 High Court Circuits and 7 High Court Divisions); Chief Magistrate Grade One and Grade Two Courts


    Political parties and leaders:
Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]
Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]
Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Muntu MUGISHA]
Inter-Party Co-operation or IPC (a coalition of opposition groups)
Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]
National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]
Peoples Progressive Party or PPP [Bidandi SSALI]
Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Olara OTUNNU]
note:a national referendum in July 2005 opened the way for Uganda's transition to a multi-party political system


Political pressure groups and leaders:
Lord's Resistance Army or LRA [Joseph KONY]


International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO


Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Oliver WONEKHA (since 6 June 2013)
chancery:5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
telephone:[1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416
FAX:[1] (202) 726-1727


Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Scott H. DELISI (since 18 July 2012)
embassy:1577 Ggaba Road, Kampala
mailing address:P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
telephone:[256] (414) 259 791 through 93, 95
FAX:[256] (414) 259-794


Flag description:
six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a grey crowned crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side; black symbolizes the African people, yellow sunshine and vitality, red African brotherhood; the crane was the military badge of Ugandan soldiers under the UK


National symbol(s):
grey crowned crane


National anthem:
name:'Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty!'
lyrics/music:George Wilberforce KAKOMOA
note:adopted 1962

Economy

Economy - overview:
Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals, and recently discovered oil. Uganda has never conducted a national minerals survey. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. Since 1990 economic reforms ushered in an era of solid economic growth based on continued investment in infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, lower inflation, better domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. The global economic downturn hurt Uganda's exports; however, Uganda's GDP growth has largely recovered due to past reforms and sound management of the downturn. Oil revenues and taxes will become a larger source of government funding as oil comes on line in the next few years. Instability in South Sudan is a risk for the Ugandan economy because Uganda's main export partner is Sudan, and Uganda is a key destination for Sudanese refugees. Unreliable power, high energy costs, inadequate transportation infrastructure, and corruption inhibit economic development and investor confidence.


GDP (purchasing power parity):
$54.37 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
$51.47 billion (2012 est.)
$50.08 billion (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


GDP (official exchange rate):
$22.6 billion (2013 est.)


GDP - real growth rate:
5.6% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
2.8% (2012 est.)
6.2% (2011 est.)


GDP - per capita (PPP):
$1,500 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 204
$1,400 (2012 est.)
$1,500 (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


Gross national saving:
17.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
14.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
13.1% of GDP (2011 est.)


GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption:82.3%
government consumption:7.6%
investment in fixed capital:25.5%
investment in inventories:0.2%
exports of goods and services:22.8%
imports of goods and services:-38.3%
(2013 est.)


GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture:23.1%
industry:26.9%
services:50% (2013 est.)


Agriculture - products:
coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (manioc, tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry


Industries:
sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production


Industrial production growth rate:
3.8% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78

Labor force:
17.4 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35


Country Guide

Ukraine Facts

Geography People and Society Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues

Geography

Location:
Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east


Geographic coordinates:
49 00 N, 32 00 E


Map references:
Europe


Area:
total:603,550 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 46
land:579,330 sq km
water:24,220 sq km


Area - comparative:
Area comparison map: '>


Land boundaries:
total:4,566 km
border countries:Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 940 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (south) 176 km, Romania (southwest) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km


Coastline:
2,782 km


Maritime claims:
territorial sea:12 nm
exclusive economic zone:200 nm
continental shelf:200 m or to the depth of exploitation


Climate:
temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south


    Terrain:
most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south


Elevation extremes:
lowest point:Black Sea 0 m
highest point:Hora Hoverla 2,061 m


Natural resources:
iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land


Land use:
arable land:53.85%
permanent crops:1.48%
other:44.67% (2011)


Irrigated land:
21,750 sq km (2010)


Total renewable water resources:
139.6 cu km (2011)


Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
139.6 cu km (2011)

Natural hazards:
NA


Environment - current issues:
inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant


Environment - international agreements:
party to:Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds


Geography - note:
strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe

People and Society

Nationality:
noun: Ukrainian(s)
adjective:Ukrainian


Ethnic groups:
Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 est.)


Languages:
Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian (regional language) 24%, other (includes small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 9%


Religions:
Orthodox (includes Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox (UAOC), Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP), Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish


Population:
44,291,413 (July 2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 32


Age structure:
0-14 years:14% (male 3,191,247/female 3,013,575)
15-24 years:11.5% (male 2,610,172/female 2,501,795)
25-54 years:45% (male 9,639,882/female 10,274,240)
55-64 years:13.6% (male 2,581,380/female 3,433,568)
65 years and over:15.6% (male 2,310,652/female 4,734,902) (2014 est.)


Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio:42 %
youth dependency ratio:20.8 %
elderly dependency ratio:21.2 %
potential support ratio:4.7 (2014 est.)


Median age:
total:40.6 years
male:37.3 years
female:43.7 years (2014 est.)


Population growth rate:
-0.64% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 226


Birth rate:
9.41 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 203


Death rate:
15.72 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 2


Net migration rate:
-0.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 113


Urbanization:
urban population:68.9% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization:-0.26% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)


Major urban areas - population:
KYIV (capital) 2.829 million; Kharkiv 1.451 million; Dnipropetrovsk 994,000; Odesa 1.01 million; Donetsk 959,000; Zaporizhzhya 771,000 (2011)


Sex ratio:
at birth:1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years:1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years:1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years:0.94 male(s)/female
55-64 years:0.85 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.49 male(s)/female
total population:0.85 male(s)/female (2014 est.)


Mother's mean age at first birth:
25.8 (2010 est.)


Maternal mortality rate:
32 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)


Infant mortality rate:
total:8.1 deaths/1,000 live birthscountry comparison to the world: 154
male:10.13 deaths/1,000 live births
female:5.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)


    Life expectancy at birth:
total population:69.14 yearscountry comparison to the world: 156
male:63.78 years
female:74.86 years (2014 est.)


Total fertility rate:
1.3 children born/woman (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 215


Contraceptive prevalence rate:
66.7% (2007)


Health expenditures:
7.3% of GDP (2011)


Physicians density:
3.52 physicians/1,000 population (2011)


Hospital bed density:
8.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)


Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 98.1% of population
rural: 97.7% of population
total: 98% of population
unimproved:
urban: 1.9% of population
rural: 2.3% of population
total: 2% of population (2012 est.)


Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 96.5% of population
rural: 89.4% of population
total: 94.3% of population
unimproved:
urban: 3.5% of population
rural: 10.6% of population
total: 5.7% of population (2012 est.)


HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.9% (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 52


HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
230,500 (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 26


HIV/AIDS - deaths:
18,100 (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 18


Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
21.3% (2008)country comparison to the world: 89


Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
0.9% (2002)country comparison to the world: 134


Education expenditures:
6.2% of GDP (2011)country comparison to the world: 35

Literacy:
definition:age 15 and over can read and write
total population:99.7%
male:99.8%
female:99.7% (2011 est.)


School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total:15 years
male:15 years
female:15 years (2012)


Child labor - children ages 5-14:



Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
total:17.3%country comparison to the world: 72
male:18.1%
female:16.1% (2012)

Government

Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form:Ukraine
local long form:none
local short form:Ukrayina
former:Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic


Government type:
republic


Capital:
name:Kyiv (Kiev)
note:pronounced KAY-yiv
geographic coordinates:50 26 N, 30 31 E
time difference:UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October


Administrative divisions:
24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k, Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad, Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn' (Luts'k), Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr


Independence:
24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. 982 (VOLODYMYR I consolidates Kyivan Rus), 1648 (establishment of Cossack Hetmanate)


National holiday:
Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the day Ukraine first declared its independence (from Soviet Russia) and the day the short-lived Western and Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now celebrated as Unity Day


Constitution:
several previous; latest adopted and ratified 28 June 1996; amended 2004, 2010; note - to revert to the 2004 version pending additional constitutional reforms (2014)


Legal system:
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts


International law organization participation:
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt


Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal


Executive branch:
chief of state:President Petro POROSHENKO (since 7 June 2014)
head of government:Prime Minister Arseniy YATSENYUK (since 27 February 2014); First Deputy Prime Minister (vacant), Deputy Prime Ministers Volodymyr HROYSMAN and Oleksandr SYCH (all since 27 February 2014)
cabinet:Cabinet of Ministers nominated by the president
note:there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a Presidential Administration helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president
elections:president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 25 May 2014 (next to be held in 2019)
election results:Petro POROSHENKO elected president; percent of vote - Petro POROSHENKO 54.5%, Yuliya TYMOSHENKO 12.9%, Oleh LYASHKO 8.4%, others 24.2%


Legislative branch:
unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; 50% of seats allocated on a proportional basis to those parties that gain 5% or more of the national electoral vote and 50% to members elected in single mandate districts; members serve five-year terms)
elections:last held on 28 October 2012 (next to be held fall 2017)
election results:percent of vote by party - Party of Regions 30%, Batkivshchyna 25.5%, UDAR 14%, CPU 13.2%, Svoboda 10.4%, other parties 6.9%; seats by party - Party of Regions 185, Batkivshchyna 101, UDAR 40, Svoboda 37, CPU 32, United Center 3, People's Party 2, Radical 1, Union 1, independents 43, vacant 5; composition as of early April 2014 - Party of Regions 120, Batkivshchyna 88, UDAR 42, 'Economic Development' group 36, 'Sovereign European Ukraine' group 36, Svoboda 35, CPU 32, independents 59, vacant 2


    Judicial branch:
highest court(s):Supreme Court of Ukraine (consists of 95 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, and administrative chambers, and a military panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 18 justices)
judge selection and term of office:Supreme Court judges proposed by the Supreme Council of Justice or SCJ (a 20-member independent body of judicial officials and other appointees) and appointed by presidential decree; judges initially appointed for 5 years and, if approved by the SCJ, serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, by the SCU, and by the Verkhovna Rada; justices appointed for 9-year non-renewable terms
subordinate courts:specialized high courts; Courts of Cassation; Courts of Appeal; regional, district, city, and town courts


Political parties and leaders:
Batkivshchyna ('Fatherland') [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO]
Communist Party of Ukraine or CPU [Petro SYMONENKO]
Party of Regions [vacant]
People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh) [Borys TARASYUK]
People's Party [Volodymyr LYTVYN]
Radical Party [Oleh LYASHKO]
Socialist Party of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr MOROZ]
Svoboda ('Freedom') [Oleh TYAHNYBOK]
Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reforms or UDAR [Vitaliy KLYCHKO]
Union [Lev MIRIMSKY]
United Center [Viktor BALOHA]


Political pressure groups and leaders:
Committee of Voters of Ukraine [Oleksandr CHERNENKO]


International organization participation:
Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter although it participates in meetings), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC


Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Oleksandr MOTSYK (since 24 June 2010)
chancery:3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone:[1] (202) 349-2920
FAX:[1] (202) 333-0817
consulate(s) general:Chicago, New York, San Francisco


Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission:Ambassador Geoffrey R. PYATT (since 30 July 2013)
embassy:4 Igor Sikorsky Street, 04112 Kyiv
mailing address:5850 Kyiv Place, Washington, DC 20521-5850
telephone:[380] (44) 521-5000
FAX:[380] (44) 521-5155


Flag description:
two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grain fields under a blue sky


National symbol(s):
trident (tryzub)


National anthem:
name:'Shche ne vmerla Ukraina' (Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished)

lyrics/music:Paul CHUBYNSKYI/Mikhail VERBYTSKYI
note:music adopted 1991, lyrics adopted 2003; the song was first performed in 1864 at the Ukraine Theatre in Lviv; the lyrics, originally written in 1862, were revised in 2003

Economy

Economy - overview:
After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied the unique equipment (for example, large diameter pipes) and raw materials to industrial and mining sites (vertical drilling apparatus) in other regions of the former USSR. Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Ukraine's dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian economy vulnerable to external shocks. Ukraine depends on imports to meet about three-fourths of its annual oil and natural gas requirements and 100% of its nuclear fuel needs. After a two-week dispute that saw gas supplies cutoff to Europe, Ukraine agreed to 10-year gas supply and transit contracts with Russia in January 2009 that brought gas prices to 'world' levels. The strict terms of the contracts have further hobbled Ukraine's cash-strapped state gas company, Naftohaz. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF - have encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy, but more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, and improving the legislative framework. Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president until mid-2008. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea. Movement toward an Association Agreement with the European Union, which would commit Ukraine to economic and financial reforms in exchange for preferential access to EU markets, was curtailed by the November 2013 decision of President YANUKOVYCH against signing this treaty. In response, on 17 December 2013 President YANUKOVYCH and President PUTIN concluded a financial assistance package containing $15 billion in loans and lower gas prices. However, the end of the YANUKOVYCH government in February 2014 caused Russia to halt further funding. With the formation of an interim government in late February 2014, the international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a 27 March 2014 IMF assistance package of $14-18 billion.


GDP (purchasing power parity):
$337.4 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
$336.1 billion (2012 est.)
$335.6 billion (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


GDP (official exchange rate):
$175.5 billion (2013 est.)


GDP - real growth rate:
0.4% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 189
0.2% (2012 est.)
5.2% (2011 est.)


GDP - per capita (PPP):
$7,400 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
$7,400 (2012 est.)
$7,400 (2011 est.)
note:data are in 2013 US dollars


Gross national saving:
10.1% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
10.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
14.5% of GDP (2011 est.)


GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption:72%
government consumption:18.6%
investment in fixed capital:17.8%
investment in inventories:-1.1%
exports of goods and services:49.6%
imports of goods and services:-56.9%
(2013 est.)


GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture:9.9%
industry:29.6%
services:60.5%
(2013 est.)


Agriculture - products:
grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk


Industries:
coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing


Industrial production growth rate:
-5% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190

Labor force:
22.17 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30


Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture:5.6%
industry:26%
services:68.4%
(2012)


Unemployment rate:
8% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
7.5% (2012 est.)
note:officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers


    Population below poverty line:
24.1% (2010)


Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:3.8%
highest 10%:22.5% (2011 est.)


Distribution of family income - Gini index:
28.2 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 124
29 (1999)


Budget:
revenues:$57.4 billion
expenditures:$66.5 billion
note:this is the planned, consolidated budget (2013 est.)


Taxes and other revenues:
32.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-5.2% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171


Public debt:
40.6% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
36.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
note:the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)


Fiscal year:
calendar year


Inflation rate (consumer prices):
0.7% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
0.6% (2012 est.)


Central bank discount rate:
7.5% (31 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
11.97% (31 December 2010 est.)


Commercial bank prime lending rate:
16% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
18.39% (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of narrow money:
$39.94 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
$40.44 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of broad money:
$100.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
$96.48 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of domestic credit:
$130.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
$129.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA (31 December 2012 est.)


Current account balance:
-$11.92 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
-$14.32 billion (2012 est.)


Exports:
$71.14 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
$70.24 billion (2012 est.)


Exports - commodities:
ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, food products


Exports - partners:
Russia 25.6%, Turkey 5.4%, Egypt 4.2% (2012)


Imports:
$87.21 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
$89.71 billion (2012 est.)


Imports - commodities:
energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals


Imports - partners:
Russia 32.4%, China 9.3%, Germany 8%, Belarus 6%, Poland 4.2% (2012)


Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$21.95 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
$24.55 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Debt - external:
$138.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
$136.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$61.46 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
$54.46 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$8.604 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
$8.104 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


Exchange rates:
hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar -
8.195 (2013 est.)
7.991 (2012 est.)
7.9356 (2010 est.)
7.7912 (2009)
4.9523 (2008)

Energy

Electricity - production:
198.1 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22


Electricity - consumption:
175.3 billion kWh (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2